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Paris Manuscript C — 57

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Bibliothèque de l'Institut de France, Paris

Ogni parte d'acqua in fra l'altra acqua sanza moto diace1 di pari riposo con quella che nel suo livello situata fia.

Sezione di recipiente (o lago), con:

m n o, olio acqua, r a f2

Qui la sperienza ne mostra che se fussi un lago di grandissima larghezza, il quale in sé diacessi sanza moto di vento d'entrata o d'uscita, e che tu levassi minima parte dell'altezza di quella argine che si truova dalla superfizie dell'acqua in giù, tutta quell'acqua che si truova dal fine di detta tagliata argine in su, passa3 per essa tagliatura e non move o tirerà4 con seco fori del lago alcuna parte di quella acqua, dove essa acqua mossa e partita diaceva.

In questo caso la natura [è] constretta dalla ragione della sua legge che in lei infusamente vive: che tutte le parti di quella superfizie dell'acque, che sanza alcuna entrata o uscita da argini sostenute sono, equalmente dal centro del mondo situate sono.

La dimostrazione si è di sopra. Diciamo che l'acqua del detto lago da argine sostenuta sia n o, a f, e che n m, r a sia olio sopra a essa acqua sparso, e che essa tagliatura dell'argine sia m n. Dico che tutto l'olio che si truova da n in su, passerà per essa rottura sanza movere alcuna parte dell'acqua a lui sottoposta.

Every part of water among other water, without motion, lies at equal rest with that which is situated at its own level.

Section of a vessel (or lake), with:

m n o, oil water, r a f

Here experience shows us that, if there were a lake of very great breadth which lay at rest within itself, without motion of wind entering or leaving, and you were to remove the smallest part of the height of that bank which is found from the surface of the water downward, all the water found from the end of the said cut bank upward would pass through that cut, and it would not move or draw with it out of the lake any part of that water where the moved and departed water had lain.

In this case nature is constrained by the reason of her law, which lives infused within her: that all the parts of that surface of the waters which are sustained by banks without any inlet or outlet are equally situated from the centre of the world.

The demonstration is above. Let us say that the water of the said lake, sustained by the bank, is n o, a f, and that n m, r a is oil spread over that water, and that the cut of the bank is m n. I say that all the oil found from n upward will pass through that break without moving any part of the water beneath it.

Still water keeps its level; skimming oil off a lake

In a motionless lake, only the oil above a cut in the bank flows out, leaving the water undisturbed

Hydraulics Physics & Mechanics

The page states that every part of still water lies at the same repose as the water at its own level, all points of a bounded, motionless surface being equally distant from the centre of the world. A horizontal section of a vessel or lake (labelled m n o and r a f, with oil floating on water) accompanies the demonstration. Leonardo argues that if the smallest slice of the bank is removed at the notch m n, all the oil lying above n passes out through the cut without moving or drawing off any of the underlying water.

On this page

Still water everywhere rests at its own level

Every part of water among other water, without motion, lies at equal rest with that situated at its own level, because all parts of a surface bounded by banks and without inlet or outlet stand equally distant from the centre of the world.

Skimming oil off a still lake through a cut bank

In a very broad lake at rest, with oil (n m, r a) spread over the water (n o, a f), cutting the bank at m n lets all the oil above n pass out through the break without moving any part of the water beneath it.

Reader's Edition — described with AI from the e-Leo transcription.