Air pump with valves and a lever to raise water
Cone and hinge valves, a self-recharging lever, and the weight of water compared in air
The sheet studies a pump that compresses air to lift water, drawn with a cone valve, a hinge valve and bellows details, and asks to what density the air must be squeezed to make the water rise. A left-hand note compares relative weights: water in air weighs as much lead does in water, or as marble does in distilled nut oil, and marginal figures assign the values (weight 10, pipe 9, lever 1, counterweight 1). The main column describes a self-recharging lever motion built with distilled nut oil sited at a b c d: the prime mover g h, with a lever n r of 9 against a counter-lever n o of 1, lifts 9 at e f, which then falls, raises the lever, regains its weight and repeats as long as the instrument lasts.
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Weight of water, lead and marble compared across media
The weight of water in air is like the weight of an equal quantity of lead in water, or like the weight of marble in distilled nut oil. A weight loses its heaviness under water, so to restore in water a weight equal to water's weight in air, one must take lead.
A self-recharging lever with distilled nut oil
The prime mover g h, with 9 of lever n r and 1 of counter-lever n o, lifts 9 at e f. When g h releases its weight, e f regains its lost power and descends, raising the lever back to height t; then, having recovered its heaviness, it falls again from t to r, repeating as long as the instrument lasts.
Cone valve, hinge valve and pump details
The upper row shows a cone valve, a hinge valve and their component parts. These fittings serve the pump whose bellows leather receives the charge of air.
Compressing air to raise water
The pump is to establish to what density the air must be compressed in order to make the water rise. The bellows leather receives the compressed charge that drives the water upward.
