Percussion in driven piles and the gliding of birds
Force lost as it snakes down a pile; a bird's flight without beating wings; Salai's expenses.
The right-hand folio continues an argument on pile-driving, showing how the force of a blow that reaches a bent pile is dissipated by snaking from side to side like river water, so little of it reaches the point. It then turns to the flight of birds, describing how a bird glides and rises on a reflex motion without beating its wings. The facing folio lists a florin given to Salai for daily expenses and fixes the bearings of several river walls and weirs by the compass-winds.
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How a driving blow wastes itself along a curved pile
The force of a blow reaching a bent pile does not run straight to the point but snakes from side to side, like a river between its banks, striking and rebounding until it is spent. Whatever is consumed along the way is subtracted from the original force, so that little of worth reaches the point.
A bird gliding without beating its wings
Without flapping or wind, a bird descends along a steep oblique and then rises again on a reflex motion that reaches 7/8 of the height it fell, repeating this until it lands. Moving against the wind, its downward path lies under the wind and its rising path above it.
A florin given to Salai and the day's expenses
On Friday morning Leonardo gives Salai one florin to spend, who had three soldi, and lists bread, wine, eggs, mushrooms, fruit, bran, the barber and shoes, with the amounts left blank.
Bearings of river walls and weirs by the winds
Notes fix the positions of river structures by the compass-winds: the wall of the Compari beats the 2nd pile of the Carraia toward scirocco, the Compari weir toward libeccio, and the 'wall of the bird' and the 'house of the island' at further bearings toward scirocco and maestro.
