The ceaseless turnings of water and the sponge analogy
A prose meditation: erosion, the water cycle, and vapour rising and condensing
One densely written leaf carries Leonardo's rhetorical meditation on water, cast as a litany of "when" clauses: when it turns north it gnaws its banks, when south the opposite bank collapses, when it seethes upward or spreads to strip the fields, forever hollowing and filling and consuming whatever borders it. It then turns to the water cycle, describing how heat draws moisture up as vapour until the cold region compresses it, the particles clinging together. A sustained analogy compares this to a hand pressing a soaked sponge, whose trapped air bursts out like a bellows, driving the lighter clouds apart. The facing leaf is nearly blank apart from faint stylus construction lines.
On this page
The litany of water's turnings
Water is described turning north to gnaw its banks, south so the opposite bank falls in ruin, toward the earth's centre consuming the bed beneath it, and skyward with seething bubbles. Now turbulent and ruinous, now clear and gentle among fresh grasses, it never rests but forever removes or consumes whatever borders it.
Vapour, the sponge and the bellows
Warm moisture mixes with air and, drawn up by heat, rises until the cold region draws it together and its minute particles cling. As a hand under water presses a soaked sponge so the enclosed water bursts out through the openings, so the cold compresses the warm humidity until the trapped air breaks the weaker parts and blows out like a bellows under excess weight, driving the lighter clouds apart.
Water as an agent that consumes its banks
The passage repeatedly frames water as an eroding force, gnawing the bottom of its banks, ruining the opposite shore, and consuming the bed that sustains it, so that it endlessly takes soil from one side and lays it down on another.
